Abstract

Protected areas are managed for a variety of reasons, including the conservation of species and ecosystems, the preservation of landscapes, the protection of watersheds, and the preservation of important biological reserves, and, increasingly, the sustainable use of natural resources by local people. Although protected areas safeguard many of the world's environments and species, human encroachment is seriously deteriorating and destroying many of these regions, particularly in the tropics, including Ethiopia. Protected places may have a good or negative impact on the local society and economy. Direct revenue from environmental conservation and the maintenance of ecosystem services such as watershed protection are examples of good local community impacts. The negative consequences might range from relocation of local residents to wildlife damage to crops, as well as restricted resource availability and changes in land tenure. Individual protected areas, organizations, and countries, as well as their management categories and forms of governance, differ substantially in terms of protected area management and community involvement. All of these topics are covered in this work.