Abstract

The living organisms can be genetically altered through Hybridization, Mutation and Genetic engineering to
meet desired needs. However, these processes are more random and depends on chance factor compared to
targeted engineering tools. Some of the recent technologies are very specific and alter specific nucleotide in
the genome. According to Wikipedia (1), Genome Editing or Genome Editing with Engineered Nucleases
(GEEN) is a type of Genetic Engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted or replaced in the genome of
living organism using engineered nucleases or molecular scissors. This is a kind of cut-and-paste genetics
(2).The major enzymes involved in Genome editing are, Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription
Activator Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
(CRISPR)- CRISPR associated Protein 9 (Cas 9).