Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), there is an existing way of communication over any network. The Users
can make the telephone calls over an IP network using this technology. This paper will describe Voice over
Internet Protocol (VoIP) to a level that allows discussion of security issues and concerns. There are two kinds
of spoofing attacks are possible, first one is IP spoofing attack and another is URI spoofing attack, which are
described in this review paper. The Implementation of VoIP concerned by businesses, components of a VoIP
system, and relevant security issues. The business concerns will be those which are used to affect the Quality
of Service (QoS). The network components call processors, gateways and two of the more common
architectures are held by VoIP.

GST is being implemented in India with effect from 1st July, 2017. It is seen as the biggest tax reforms in
Indian tax history. Earlier to GST era, the indirect taxes in India were not very conducive to trade and
industry owing to multiplicity of taxes, complexity of registrations, returns, payment of taxes, other
compliances and over paper work. The new GST law has been introduced with a view to remove the
cascading effect, minimize the scope for tax evasion, bring greater transparency, reduce the overall tax
rates and bring ease of doing business. The basic purpose of this paper is to evaluate the new GST law and
find its related impact on Producers, Traders, Consumers, State Government and Central Government.

The most important criteria for developing novel drug delivery system are to achieve clinical efficacy.
Mucoadhesive polymer like chitosan can be employed to increase the residence time of formulation in the
nasal cavity. The study was undertaken to develop chitosan based mucoadhesive microsphere of
Ziprasidone Hydrochloride (fifth generation antipshychotic) as simple w/o emulsification-cross linking
process using liquid paraffin as external phase.Ten different formulations were developed. Results show
that as the concentration of polymer increases it affects the particle size, production yield, encapsulation
efficiency, swelling index, in-vitro mucoadhesion and in-vitro drug release of mucoadhesive
microspheres. The in vitro mucoadhesion of microspheres was investigated using freshly isolated goat
nasal mucosa. The mucoadhesion for M0, M1, M2, and M9 was tested. The Mucoadhesion property was
satisfactory. The M2 exhibited lowest mucoadhesion of 68.9%, and M0 displayed highest mucoadhesion
of 87.5%. The In Vitro release studies it revealed that 84.1% of drug release from formulation M1 at 7hrs.
The 50% of the drug was released from the formulation M2 and 70.67% from formulation M9.This
formulations were further used for SEM for particles size analysis, mucoadhesion test and in-vitro drug
release. The In-vitro % drug release data suggest that the maximum and sustained drug release was
obtained for formulation M1. Conclusively, the present study showed that Ziprasidone hydrochloride
chitosan microspheres can deliver intanasally which can improve the therapeutic outcome for the Epileptic
seizure.

The authors in thier research want to investigate the efect of three weeks exercise amoung students of
XI(Boys and Girls)of DAV school in Ajmer. The pre and post test had taekn by the author by using
Dynamicflexibility test. The test which was conducted by the author are Shuttle run test and Trunk and
Neck test. Todetermine this difference between the pre and post result was employed at the significance
level of 5%. Theauthors in his research want to find out the difference in pre and post effect of yogic
exercise in the generalbody posture of the students under observation.In this reseach paper the author
measures the stactic anddynamic flexibility effect on yogic exercise amoung school students

Systems based on quantum-dot nanostructures could be used as components for quantum information
processing devices. One of the possible advantages of the use of quantum dots is that the parameters of the
system may be changed, allowing the properties of semiconductor nanostructures to be tailored. The
seemingly inexorable progress of technology appears to promise advanced engineering of quantum dot
based structures, thus leading to the fabrication of coupled and scalable quantum dot systems. To use
quantum dot devices for quantum computing necessitates the ability to generate and manipulate
entanglement within these structures. Using Supersymmetric Quantum mechanics, isospectral Hamiltonian
approach is utilized to calculate the information entropy of the isospectral potential which contains a free
parameter. This free parameter can be adjusted to model the complex nanostructure materials and
therefore to calculate their entanglement degree.

Education is one of the most important tools of empowering Santal women. This paper analyse the
current educational status of Santal women and role of education in social empowering of Santal women
at Birbhum,West Bengal. Present paper compared the empowering status among the Santal Women at
Patharghata, Bergram and Ballipara of Birbhum, West Bengal.

Today the life of man is simple and comfortable as various resources are available for each and every
process that a person has to perform in his day to day life, and these resources and equipment’s helps the
person to perform his work in efficient and less time consuming manner. Today, the four wheeler means, a
car available for more than 70% peoples in the urban areas. There are many equipment’s that are designed
so that any operation required to be done on a car can be carried easily and in a shorter period of time as
possible. There is a problem that can be considered as time consuming and requires more effort which is
the opening of wheel of a car for its replacement, service or any other operation. Today the unit of a wheel
are opened by one of which requires more efforts and consume a lot of time. For this problem the unified
wheel opener is a designed to troubleshoot.
Unified wheel opener is a special purpose tool made to open/close all the nuts of a wheel in one time with
less effort. Although various methods of opening nuts are used, but they require a lot of effort to open a
single nut one by one. With the help of Unified Wheel opener we made arrangement to open/close all the
nuts by amplifying the torque. Different types of gears are arranged in such a way that if we apply certain
amount of torques then it gets multiplied resulting in amplified torque as output for combined operation. In
the work, we concentrate only one application domain i.e. Wheels of car- Alto K10. The main objective of
work is to develop a mechanism in one assembly, which can be used in automobiles. It can be successfully
used as a standard tool provided with a new vehicle. Also it can be used in assembly line of automobiles,
workshops and service stations. Design is simple, easy workable, and economical and try to satisfy all the
aspects of design consideration.

-In this paper, Some results on Strongly pseudo Irregular Fuzzy Graphs and Strongly pseudo
total Irregular Fuzzy Graphs are established. Comparative study between Strongly pseudo Irregular
Fuzzy Graphs and Strongly pseudo total Irregular Fuzzy Graphs is done. Also defined
 - pseudo
domination set and
 -pseudo total dominating set in irregular fuzzy graph.

The Rajgir hot spring sites located in Nalanda district of Bihar State. This spring is sulphur containing hot
spring. The various parameters analyzed were Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Hardness,
Total Alkalinity, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sulphate and
TDS (Total Dissolved Solid). The water samples were collected from three different springs sites (kund)
during a period from October 2014 to June 2016 (Within a difference of four month). Physico-Chemical
results were compared with WHO potability parameters and it was found that water is potable.

Today that Islamic banking industry showing an average growth rate of 17%-20% annually and comprises
around 400 institutions in 75 countries, with an asset under management ranging between US $1.66-2.1
trillion, with expectations of market size to be $3.4 trillion by end of 2018 (Ernst & Young), according to
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services the potential market is $4 trillion worldwide, therefore this can be a
tool for enhancing economic development in India. India is thriving, but Indians are not. With growing
Islamic Banking and Indian socio-economic problems, this paper is going to find the growth of Islamic
banking worldwide and will try to find out how Islamic banking can provide great opportunities to
invigorate the Indian economy with the participation of previously excluded Muslims in Shariahcompliant banking and at the same time could lead to substantial inward investment to boost India's
further development. Furthermore it investigates the implementation of the Islamic banking system in
India.

Coastal areas in general and Tamilnadu Coast in particular is experiencing rapid urbanization and put to
variety of uses. The threat of natural disaster for the shore based activities is ever increasing and the
susceptibility status of earthquake and Tsunami with respect to coastal tectonics for the ChennaiNagapattinam coast of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry is analysed regionally in this study. The study
revealed the requirement of on shore and offshore beach ridges mapping, dating and understanding its
emergence in combination with paleo seismicity. Further it is emphasised that the historical and paleo
tsunami deposits identification and using this data for the future prognosis is vital for managing the future
Tsunami disasters. Based on the available geological and tectonic information it can be inferred that even
though the offshore areas adjoining the Tamilnadu coast appears to be low to moderately susceptible for
earthquake and tsunami generation, understanding the neotectonism and detailed research in the gap areas
for the studied coastal sector have been highlighted in this study.

This Hard turning finds a broad range of applications in manufacturing industries. The high wear resistance
along with high dimensional accuracy is the primary attributes of the process. However, the critical setback
associated with hard turning is the high heat generation at the cutting zone. It lead to earlier tool wear rate
and causes the decrease in the machining performance. The cutting tool material plays a significant role in
deciding the performance of hard turning. Therefore in this research work, an attempt has been made to
investigate the performance of TiN coated CBN tools during machining of variable hardened AISI 4340
steel. The cutting speed, feed rate, workpiece hardness and cutting tools (uncoated CBN and TiN coated
CBN) were selected as process parameters during experimentation. The cutting force, chip-tool interface
temperature and material removal rate (MRR) was selected as performance parameters. The L-18 orthogonal
array from Taguchi approach was chosen to perform the experimental work. The grey relational technique
was used to optimize the process parameters. The results from the grey relational model were verified by
using fuzzy logic. The experimental results indicate that tool material and feed rate are the significant
process variables which influence the machining performance.

Well-being threats encountered in a wi-fi sensor community, so more than a few safety offering
algorithms are to be had. In this paper we have concentrated on routing mechanisms that avoid black
holes shaped via those assaults. The prevailing multi-trail routing strategies are susceptible to such
assaults, basically as a result of their deterministic nature. So as soon as an adversary acquires the routing
set of rules, it could actually compute the similar routes recognized to the supply, and therefore endanger
all knowledge dispatched over those routes. Compromised-node and denial-of-carrier are key assaults in
wi-fi sensor networks. On this paper, the mechanism is to generate randomized multipath routes. Beneath
this layout, the routes taken through the “stocks” of various packets amendment over the years. So despite
the fact that the routing set of rules turns into recognized to the adversary, the adversary nonetheless can
not pinpoint the routes traversed by way of each and every packet. But even so randomness, the routes
generated by way of our mechanisms also are extremely dispersive and energy efficient, making them
moderately able to bypassing black holes at low power value. In depth simulations are carried out to make
sure the validity of this mechanism.

Change detection of building from high-resolution remote sensing images is an important and challenging
research field in remote sensing. In this paper a novel technique for building change detection from remote
sensing imagery is presented. First, The Morphological Building Index (MBI) features values are computed
for each of the pair images from our datasets and then change of these two MBI images is measured to
indicate the building change. For evaluation purpose, the experiments are carried on IKONOS and Quick
Bird images. The results show that the proposed technique can attain acceptable correctness rates above
90% with overall errors fewer than 9%. Compared with state-of-the-art methods in building change
detection; the proposed framework is computationally much more efficient while achieving better
performance in terms of correctness, completeness, and quality.

The gain flattening of erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is essential for their application in wavelength
division multiplexing (WDM) system. This paper attempts to design and analyse a 32 channels WDM
system using EDFA in the wavelength range of 1546 to 1560 nm with channel spacing of 0.4 nm. The
analysis is made for the data rate of 10 Gb/s of NRZ signal. The gain flattening of EDFA in such system is
achieved through EDFA’s pump power and input power variation. Results show that the gains are
flattened within 43.6 ± 0.8 dB with noise figure about 7.38 dB at pump power of 600 mW and input power
of -34 dBm using optimized erbium doped fiber of 6.2 m length. The performance analysis in terms of
BER, eye diagram and Q factor shows satisfactory results.

In this paper we proved some new theorems related with Cubic Graceful Labeling. A graphG(V,E) with n
vertices and m edges is said to be a Cubic graceful graph if there exists an injective
functionf:V(G)→{0,1,2,3,………m3
} such that the induced mapping
f:E(G):→{13
,23
,33
,……….m3
}defined by f(uv)=|f(u)-f(v)| is an injection the resulting edge labels and
vertex labels are distinct. Thefunction f is called a cubic graceful labeling of G. we have proved that the
star K1,n, bistar Bm,n, thegraph obtained by the subdivision of the edges of the star K1,n , the graph
obtained by the subdivision of thecentral edge of the bistar Bm,n are cubic graceful graphs

Nickel based superalloy Inconel 718 is having application in aerospace, automotive and nuclear industry.
Super alloy is difficult to process due to its superior properties like high strain hardening tendency, toolwork piece material affinity and high strength at elevated temperature. In this work, the effects of
geometry parameters (approach angle and tool nose radius), cutting conditions (cutting speed and feed
rate) on cutting force and cutting temperature were investigated during turning of Inconel 718 with TiAlNcoated and uncoated carbide insert under dry condition. The experimental results were analyzed using
center composite design response surface methodology (RSM). Statistical analysis of variance and
prediction of the mathematical models were proposed. The outcomes indicate that the performance of
coated carbide tools better in all conditions. The optimum cutting conditions are presented to achieve the
desired results. .

Urbanization is an index of transformation from traditional rural economies to modern
industrial one. Urbanization is a Progressive concentration of population in urban unit (Kingsley Davis1965). Urbanization, or the shift of population from rural to urban environments, is a transitory process.
Accepting urbanization as a conscious and conditioned adjustment of societies to their changing
environment, the present study describes the Emerging Pattern of Urbanization in Haryana. The study is
based on district level secondary data from the 2011 census of India. Presently, Haryana State represents
about 34.9 per cent urban population to total population. The study shows that districts Panchkula,
Faridabad and Gurgaon, were highly urbanized. The results obtained from processing of data are presented
in the form of line graph, tables and choropleth maps.

This paper is based on analytical study of flow and heat transfer in cross and non - cross flow inline hole
jet plate solar air heater with fins attached underside the absorber surface. Results are presented for various
fixed and variable geometrical and operational parameters such as jet hole diameter D = 6 - 10 cm, pitch
of the holes X = 6 cm, number of jet holes, N = 480, height of the longitudinal fins Lf = 0.012m, pitch of
the fins p = 3 mm, depth of the lower and upper channel, Z1 and Z2 = 8.0 cm, mass flow rates of air ṁ1=
50 to 300 kg / hm2 whereas ṁ2 = ṁ1/2for cross - flow and ṁ2 = 0 for non - cross flow, solar intensity IT =
650 W/m2
, wind velocity Vw = 1.3 m/s and ambient temperature TA = 30oC. The results show the To and hPj
are higher in non - cross flow than cross flow condition whereas ηc is higher in cross - flow than non -
cross flow than cross flow condition under same geometrical and operational parameters.

In this study, we have determined the Water Quality Index (WQI) of monsoon season water samples of
River Ganges. The main aim is to assess changes in Ganges River at various Ghats in Patna city including
Krishna Ghat, Gandhi Ghat, Rani Ghat, Kadam Ghat and Gai Ghat. For this, the physicochemical
parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Chloride
content, Total Hardness, Alkalinity, Total Solid, Suspended Solid, Dissolved Solid and Biochemical
Oxygen Demand (BOD) were analyzed by standard processes. The values obtained were then compared
with the guideline values of drinking water by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) and World Health
Organization (WHO). From the measured quantities, certain parameters were selected to derive WQI for
the variations in water quality of each designated sampling site. WQI of Ganges river water at Patna city
ranged from 50.32 to 59.62 which fall in the range of poor quality of water. It is shown that WQI may be a
useful tool for assessing water quality and predicting trend of variation in water quality at different
locations in the Ganges River.

The air pollution exceedance status of an urban area has been studied for three different location for six
different air pollutants such as Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), by Wet chemical method
(West & Gaeke Method & Jacob & Hochheiser Method), Heavy Metal (Pb) by ICP-OES (Perkin Elmer),
and PAHs [benzo(a)anthracene] & Fluoranthene by using GC (Perkin Elmer), and Particulate Matter
(SPM, PM10,) by Federal Reference Method (Rupprecht & Patashnick Co.In) for one annual cyclic season
along with meteorological data (wind speed and direction). Seasonally variation of air pollution
parameters with respect to month throughout one year was studies and it has been observed that a suitable
control over few pollutants is needed in all the land uses. The air purification system is hence evaluated for
varying land uses. These results can be effectively used as tool for designing of air purification system.

The living organisms can be genetically altered through Hybridization, Mutation and Genetic engineering to
meet desired needs. However, these processes are more random and depends on chance factor compared to
targeted engineering tools. Some of the recent technologies are very specific and alter specific nucleotide in
the genome. According to Wikipedia (1), Genome Editing or Genome Editing with Engineered Nucleases
(GEEN) is a type of Genetic Engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted or replaced in the genome of
living organism using engineered nucleases or molecular scissors. This is a kind of cut-and-paste genetics
(2).The major enzymes involved in Genome editing are, Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription
Activator Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
(CRISPR)- CRISPR associated Protein 9 (Cas 9).

The Indian plate is essentially coincide Indian sub continental dimension. The Indian Plate is a
major tectonic plate spanning the equator in the eastern hemisphere. Moving this plate and inter attract to
the Eurasian plate the collision is activated as a result developed in fold mountain of Himalayas. The
triangulated Indian plate is broadly expanded between the Indian Ocean and Himalayas and also visible
the high concentration of northern movement of this plate. These mechanisms prove that the Indian plate
is highly strength and more constructive by geological and physiographic set up of Indian continent. The
Indian shield region consists of various complex rift zones and several shear/thrust zones. Indian shield
region is categorized as Stable Continental Region. In this regard the peninsular plateau is a chamber of
mechanical force which works as dynamic tectonic engine of Indian subcontinent and sub press the Indian
plate northwardly. It is estimated that the peninsular plateau is most formational striking engine of the
power and strength of Indian plate.

The paper describes an EMQ (Economic Manufacturing Quantity ) model for a deteriorating item
considering time-dependent demand. The deterioration rate is a constant fraction of the on hand inventory
and we have considered three types of demand like, quadratic, exponential and stock dependent. Here our
objective is to determine optimal product reliability and production rate that achieves the maximum profit
for an imperfect manufacturing process. We use the Euler-Lagrangin method to find the optimal solution
for product reliability parameter and dynamic production rate. It is then illustrated with the help of
numerical examples.

The Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) is a society of key stock holders involved in
agricultural activities for sustainable agricultural development in the district. It is focal point for
integrating research and extension activities and decentralizing day to day management of the public
agricultural technology system (ATS). Hence, the study was conducted with following specific objective
and revealed that the data provides enough evidence the impact of ATMA programme on knowledge &
adoption of adoption of organic farming practices in soybean crop. This clearly shows that as regard the
adoption, there was a significant difference between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The present study
entitled ‘Level of knowledge about Organic Farming Practices in Soybean Crop of farmers under
Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) programme’ of Guna District (Madhya Pradesh)
covering Guna district, six purposively selected villages and 120 randomly selected respondents were
selected to know impact of
ATMA on adoption as well as its associated correlates

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the greatest global health challenges to be addressed in the 21st
century.The reintroduction of previously used antibiotics active against extensively drug-resistant (XDR)
bacteria represents a new alternative for the control of antimicrobial resistance. A total of 100 extensively
drug resistant Gram negative bacilli isolated from Clinical Microbiology laboratory.Acinetobacter was
found to be the most common and highly resistant organism in this study (54%), which was isolated mostly
from respiratory and pus samples.Other extensively drug resistant Gram negative bacilli isolated from
Clinical samples includes Klebsiella (33%) and Pseudomonas(13%).From the 100 Extensively drug
resistant gram negative bacteria, the most common respiratory pathogen Acinetobacter shows 78%
sensitivity towards Minocycline followed by Klebsiella (21%). Pseudomonas shows complete resistance
towards this drug.The old antibiotic Fosfomycin was active against all three species (Acinetobacter 94%,
Klebsiella 100% and Pseudomonas 77%).Chloramphenicol shows less sensitivity towards Klebsiella (33%)
and Acinetobacter(22%) and pseudomonas(16%).97% isolates were sensitive to polymyxins\colistin.

Is consciousness a discipline of Philosophy/Theology or Science? Since time immemorial, consciousness
has baffled us, bewildered us and sometimes even mystified us. The question still remains that can
consciousness be really studied as a rigorous scientific discipline? It is indeed true that the study of
consciousness has been now open to various scientific disciplines mostly within the last twenty to thirty
years. This has been the case because of the rise of disciplines like neurobiology, cognitive science and
even evolutionary biology. Rigorous scientific disciplines have now started considering studies relating to
consciousness as not only important but rather imperative towards understanding the brain-mind
relationship.
In this research paper, I have outlined the main scientific theories that, in my view are studying
consciousness rigorously. The first broad scientific discipline that studies consciousness is that of
cognitive science and within the broad discipline of cognitive science the main theories are namely, Global
Workspace Theory by Bernard Baars, Multiple Drafts Model by Daniel Dennett, Intermediate Level
Theory by Ray Jackendoff and finally Information Integration Theory by GuilioTononi and Gerald
Edelman. The second broad discipline that studies consciousness scientifically is that of Neurobiology
and within the discipline of neurobiology, the main theory would that be of finding the neural correlate of
consciousness as proposed by Christof Koch and Francis Crick. The third discipline would also include
that of evolutionary biology and within that discipline the most recent work is that of Antonio Damasio
and more specifically his book titled Self Comes to Mind.

The purpose of this paper is to prove unique common fixed point theorem using weakly compatible
mapping in a complete b-metric space

This paper investigated the steady three dimensional boundary layer flow of an incompressible viscoelastic
nanofluid in the presence of Newtonian heating and chemical reaction. A mathematical formulation has
designed for momentum, temperature and nanofluid solid volume profiles. The coupled partial differential
equations are solved using the Nactsheim-Swigert shooting technique with the six order Runge-Kutta
iteration Method. The results for the dimensionless velocity, temperature, and nanofluid solid volume
profiles are discussed with the help of graphs.

Cartesian product of two manifolds has been defined and studied by Pandey[2]. In this paper we
have taken Cartesian product of k-Hsu-Structure manifolds, where k is some finite integer, and studied
some properties of curvature and Ricci tensor of such a product manifold.

Background: The importance of the role of the family as a causative factor in the development of mental
disorders is getting more and more established, particularly over the past decade. The concern of psychiatry
with family has been important. It is indicated that family has a crucial role in the development of mental
disorders. Mental disorders develop as a result of family pathology or faulty communication or
interpersonal relationship. So this study was carried out to review the literature and to describe the family as
a causative factor for facing to develop psychiatric Method: An electronic search of articles from Google
was conducted for articles published. The purpose of this article was to present a review of the literature
related family factors in causing different psychiatric disorders. There is a general agreement in the
literature that a multitude of psychosocial and family factors affect the individual and it would result in
causing psychiatric disorders. Therefore, this literature review examined the most frequently investigated
variables such as family communication, expressed emotion, schizophrenic mother and psychological
distress as they are related to family factors in causing psychiatric disorders. Results: A systematization of
information revealed the existence of communication, expressed emotion, schizophrenic mother and
psychological distress and various psychological strains. Conclusions: The findings of this study urge the
mental health care professionals to actively work with the community to spread the awareness about the role
of family in pathogenic causes of developing psychiatric disorder. And also it is important to work with
those families who already have a person with psychiatric illness to educate them about healthy
communication and healthy family environment and how it helps to recover from illness and also prevent
further relapse.

The Chinese Silk Road is the Trans-Eurasian network of trade routes connecting East and Southeast Asia
to Central Asia, India, Southwest Asia, Mediterranean, and Northern Europe. The Road flourished
roughly from 100 BC to around 1450.The Road is a system of caravan roads that in Ancient Times
and Middle Ages traversed Eurasia from Mediterranean to China. From historic times it flourished the
development of trade and cultural relations between peoples and actors involved. The Silk Road acts
as a symbol of openness, inclusiveness, cooperation and peace. It also acts as a place where the humanist,
spiritual, cultural, artistic and technical exchanges take place. The One Belt and One Road program is a
major strategic measures introduced by China in response to the emerging trends in Economic
Globalization. China proposes a new approach of promoting worldwide economic prosperity and to
benefiting other regions in terms of driving forward cross-regional economic integration through
economic growth in China and Asia. In the Post Cold War Period, there are at least two reconstruction that
are historically very significant in Eurasian continent, one is the implosion of Soviet Union, the other will
be the “Belt and Road” initiative in China.
In this context the present study wants to explore the new project of Silk Route, challenges and prospects
that china is facing in building its project. It is thus significant in analyzing the impact of the project to
reconstruct regional interests and balance powers throughout the world especially Central Asia. The study
will also focus on the following questions as what are the future prospects, will the neighbouring countries
benefit from the initiative? And will China‟s investment enrich the world?

Text To Speech synthesizer plays a very important role in modern day Information Technology.
Communication technology can be enhanced by speech technology to a greater extent. There are a number
of steps in natural language processing phase of a Text to speech synthesizer. In this paper the approach to
make a TTS for Indian language is shown by taking Assamese as an example. First explanation is how to get
lexicons of the language then an idea of using DONLabel tool is shown. To build a speech synthesizer for
any language, researcher should acquire adequate knowledge about the phonetic and acoustic characteristic
of that language. In this research paper important features of Indian languages, the proposed block diagram
for synthesis process, preparation of lexicons from the written text for Assamese language is explained
with snapshots.

We have studied the phonon mode behavior of the ternary InxGa1-xN and AlxGa1-xN at zone centre using
de Launey Angular force constant model. The phonon frequency at zone centre has been found for InxGa1-
xN and AlxGa1-xN. The In and Al content of the alloy is in the range 0<x<1. The one mode behavior has
been observed and it is found that for InxGa1-xN continuous decreases in phonon frequency with the
increase in the content of In and for AlxGa1-xN increase in phonon frequency is reported with decrease in
content of Al, which is due to the fact that frequency varies inversely proportional to the mass, as content
of In increases mass of alloy while content of Al decreases the mass of alloy

Depth map reconstruction also named as disparity estimation and it becomes very difficult task in
computer vision three dimensional (3D) tasks which has been studied used for more than three decades.
Present high quality depth sensors proficient of creating dense depth maps are costly, noise and bulky, at
the same time as dense low-cost sensors be able to simply consistently generate sparse depth
measurements. In this work, propose an Enhanced Median Filter (EMF) for noise removal of images.
Since the preprocessing stage is an important and initial step in the depth map construction step, it
retaining the important information of patches or frames. And the major issue in processing
stereophotogrammetry images is the presence of noise which presents as bright dots or dust particles more
than the image. So EMF is proposed to remove impulse noise from stereo images. EMF is proposed to
remove the noisy pixel from the original pixel; here the noise is removed depending on the threshold value
computed from genetic operations. Secondly propose a novel Multilayer Hidden Conditional Random
Field (MHCRF) model to restructure a dense depth map of a target scene known the sparse depth
measurements and related to photographic measurements computed from stereo photogrammetric systems.
This MHCRF model assured global optimum in the modeling of the temporal action dependencies
following the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) stage. In MHCRF model, dense depth map is estimated by
formulating the as a Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) inference problem wherever efficiency previous is
assumed. The any middle representation, depth is computed directly from the Middlebury stereo vision
data for ground truth, it has been also deal with any number of cameras. Shows potential experimental
results demonstrate the ability of this EMF- MHCRF model and compared to MCRF, CRF models.

Sentiment classification is a unique process of text categorization whose objective is to
categorize a text related to the sentimental polarities of opinions it consists of constructive or adverse,
positive or negative. Bag-of-words (BOW) is now the major famous method to form text in numerical
machine learning methods in Sentiment Analysis (SA). On the other hand, the accuracy of BOW
sometimes still remains lesser because of various basic disadvantages in handling the polarity shift
problem. To deal with this problem, Dual Sentiment Analysis (DSA) is proposed in the recent work and it
is used for SA classification. However in DSA is should consider more difficult polarity shift patterns are
middle, subjunctive and sentiment-inconsistent sentences in forming reversed reviews. To solve this
problem a Three-Stage Model (TSM) is combined to Dual Sentiment Analysis (DSA) classifier named as
DSA-TSM. Initially divide the each set of documents into a set of sub-sentences and build a hybrid
classifier which creates the rules and machine learning model to distinguish precise and hidden polarity
shifts, correspondingly. Secondly, corpus based method is introduced to build a pseudo-antonym
dictionary in the direction of polarity shift elimination technique, to remove polarity shift in negations.
Finally, dual training and dual prediction algorithm is proposed for learning a sentiment classifier which
classifiers the polarity into three major classes such as positive-negative-neutral by considering the neutral
reviews into consideration. The results of the proposed DSA-TSM model are significantly improved when
compared to DSA schema and other methods in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and f-measure.

The objective of physical laboratory training is to provide an experimental base for the theoretical
concepts introduced during the lectures. It gives an opportunity to students to verify ideas which they learn
in theory classes. Practical ability to perform experiments, record and analyze data is usually acquired
through practice. Practice is essential to being able to make the connection between theory and
experiment. E-learning platform creates the environment which is useful in achieving such connectivity.
Present work emphasizes on need of implementation of Virtual experimental sessions as a model of Elearning to provide interactive multimedia contents to the students to higher their interests in
understanding 3D physical world with computer models of real systems.

In recent year, Emotion recognition can be done through different modalities, such as speech,
facial expression, body gesture etc. Emotion recognition through facial expression has attracted a lot of
interest. Generally the emotions are classified as anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise.
The accurate prediction of facial expression is difficult due to the illumination, pose facial occlusions and
different shape. To solve this problem the previous system introduced salient facial patches based facial
expression recognition. However it has lower true positive rate. In order to improve the face recognition
accuracy, the proposed system introduced Improved Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (IABC) based facial
expression recognition. In this proposed work, the face image is detected by Viola-Jones approach. By
using low pass filter the noises in the images are removed. Then the active facial patches with respect to
the position of eyes, eyebrows, nose, and lip corner are extracted from preprocessed images. In order to
obtain salient patches, the active patches are further processed. After that an optimal features are selected
by using IABC algorithm. Finally the different facial expression anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness,
and surprise are classified by using multiclass Support Vector Machine (MSVM). The experimental
results show that the proposed system achieves better performance compared with the existing system in
terms of accuracy, precision and recall.

This paper presents an insight into a proposal that intends to empowerment of women. It reflects on direct
and indirect impacts of the initiative that targeted hundreds of women in Paramathi Velur, Namakkal
District. The major aim of this paper is to promote social and economic empowerment of women. The key
factors are that the ability of women to attaining knowledge and creation, personal and community
development and as a whole women‟s development in the society. The research also examines the recent
improvements in radio broadcast coverage and the information providing the women with a platform that
adequately meets their needs.

In smart cities, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) perform as a category of core
transportation with the purpose of gathers information from the city in the direction of implement smart
services. The security of WSNs is single of the key challenges of smart cities. Because WSNs are
frequently organized in potentially difficult or still aggressive environment, an attacker is able to create
each and every one type of threats and attacks. Many of the presented WSN security parts shouldn’t
consists of inconsistent attributes; consequently, conventional security parts shouldn’t protect against
ongoing attacks through dynamically changing attributes. To increase the security of WSNs, Usage
Control with Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) (UCON-IPSO) based security framework is
proposed in this work which integrates attack detection and access control. Furthermore, different
conventional prevention methods in WSNs, the proposed UCON-IPSO based framework make use of
UCON with continuous decision making and dynamic attributes. These two attributes are useful in
defending against ongoing threats. New UCON-IPSO security framework is proposed in the direction of
protect Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and Sophisticated Attacks. The proposed UCON-IPSO based
framework use a self-motivated adaptive likelihood discovery device and it also varied from conventional
detection methods, which are able to revise dynamically toward protect against unknown attacks and
DDoS attack. Lastly, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
are used in the direction of execute attack mitigations when moreover low-level or high-level attacks are
detected in this work. An experiment was performed in the direction of obtain an attack detection results
for evaluation. The simulation results demonstrate the possibility and effectiveness of the proposed
UCON-IPSO hierarchical security framework scheme with higher attack detection rate.

The role of cryptographic part in today‟s world is very significant. It not only secures information
mathematically by mailing massage with a key but also provides confidentiality which is the most
important factor in today‟s world. Hill cipher is also one of the most famous symmetric cryptosystem
which can be used to protect information from unauthorized party. This paper gives us dimensions of new
technique in Hill cipher, here we are developing the complex procedure of key generation for the process
of encryption of message to avoid any kind of data loss. Hill cipher is a matrix based poly graphic
substitution which is an additional factor to the user.
A sender wants to transmit information to a receiver over an insecure channel that is a channel which may
be tapped by any one. So, the information which is to be transferred, which we call the plaintext (actual
message) which must be transformed (encrypt) to a cipher text, a form not legible by anybody other than
the particular receiver. There must be given some way to decrypt the cipher text, i.e. get back the original
message, while this must not be possible for receiver to read the information. This is where keys come
into play; the receiver is considered to have a key at his disposal, let him to recover the actual message, a
fact that distinguishes him from any data loss. This leads to the user for a secure account for user.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have arisen as a significant innovative area in wireless
technology. In the nearby future, WSN are projected to comprise of thousands of sensor nodes, each
having sensing proficiency with restricted energy, computational and communication power. In the
previous work, Hierarchical Energy-Balancing Multipath routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
(HEBM) is introduced to improve the energy consumption and network lifetime. However it does not
consider the security of the sensor network. To solve this problem the proposed system introduced a
Trust-based Malicious node Detection and Routing (TMDR) approach. Based on the trust calculation the
malicious nodes are detected and eliminated from the network. Then an optimal cluster head is selected
based on the node weight, remaining energy and distance between sensor nodes and base station. Finally
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) schedule allocate the time to each cluster member for packet
transmission. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves high throughput, energy
consumption and packet delivery ratio.

Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is a collaboration of portable nodes as well as some computing
devices which can be placed arbitrarily anywhere in the network to perform a particular task such as data
transmission and message passing for various applications. The nodes can transmit data in a particular
range and the nodes are capable of changing their location frequently. In previous research, the energy
consumption is main issue and hence the overall routing performance is reduced significantly. To
overcome the abovementioned issue, in this research, Particle Swarm Optimization-Adhoc On Demand
Distance Vector (PSO-AODV) routing protocol is proposed. In this research, the Cluster Head (CH) is
selected using PSO algorithm based on the best objective function values. The CH node has capability of
rapid packet delivery ratio and better lower energy consumption. The PSO algorithm is used to select the
optimal node and increases effective routing procedure. The routing process is done by using AODV
protocol in this research. This is used to provide efficient path discovery and provides fast packet
transmission and response. Thus the proposed PSO-AODV scheme provides superior performance rather
than the existing approaches. The result concludes that the proposed PSO-AODV approach has lower
energy consumption, lower end to end delay, higher packet delivery ratio and higher network lifetime
than the existing approaches.

Levansucrase is a fructosyl transeferase, which brings hydrolytic breakdown of sucrose to glucose
and fructose. The fructose was polymerized to form levan. Levan a biologically active polymer has
potential application in the field of food as a low calorie sweetener, cosmetics and in
pharmaceuticals as antiviral, anti- diabetic and antitumor agent. In this context the present work
brought screening of 11 soil isolates for levan production. Maximum levan producing isolate
(25.8g/L) was identified by 16S rRNA as Bacillus subtilis (DQ922949). Maximum enzyme activity
was found to be 1250 U/ml. The optimum temperature and pH for levansucrase activity were 600C
and 7.0 respectively. Enzyme showed maximum activity at 0.8M sucrose concentration. Different
metal ions K+
, Mg+2, Fe+3, Mn+
, Hg+2and Ca+2 showed inhibitory effect on enzyme activity. The
enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation

GST the biggest reform in indian system of taxation was applied all over the country since 1st july ,2017.
It is a unified system of taxation. Now with GST like most of the other countries of the world ,our country
also has a world class tax structure. The motive of GST is to remove the multiple taxes that are leived on
the goods and services and replace it with one single tax , gst. There will be many reforms in different
sectors of the economy after the implementation of gst .The present paper is an attempt to know the pros
and cons of gst on the economy

Hyper spectral imaging is becoming an important analytical tool for generating land-use map. High
dimensionality in hyper spectral remote sensing data can guaranty in principle a detailed discrimination of
the observed surfaces overcoming the intrinsic limitation of lower spectral resolution data. We propose an
ovel approach for solving the perceptual grouping problem in vision. In the existing methods the image
segmentation was done by using special spectral classification. Special spectral may have some of the
problems such as quality and clarity of the particular image. We show that an efficient computational
technique based on a generalized region value problem can be used to optimize this criterion. In our
proposed method Enhanced mean shift algorithm is used for segmenting the part of the particular image.
Experimental result use accuracy and execution time parameters to show the performance. It takes low
computational complexity and also accurate result for real-time image segmentation processing

The purpose of this paper aims to bring together the findings and key points from a review of significant
part of the available literature associated with ICTs for effective learning and teaching and ICTs in
Education. This review set out to understand this thesis works in a simple way, the following basic
concepts such as Education, Memory and Learning, Attention, Sensation and Perception, Learning and
Teaching, multimedia and Learning, Multimedia Learning System are very useful. This section explains
the basic aspects related to this research work.

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Temperature, salinity and bottom sediment texture are important hydrographic parameters influencing the
growth and survival of bivalves. Regular tidal flow, estuarine circulation and other allied hydrographic
parameters in the Cochin Estuary has changed due to regular closure and opening of a salinity barrier at
Thannemukkom. The environmental conditions on either side of the barrier (site A at south of bund and
site B at north of bund) showed a clear and distinct variation in hydrographical parameters due to the
existence of Thanneermukkom bund in between them. At site A the frequency of temperature fluctuation
was high and the dominant environment was freshwater when compared with site B. Sediment texture at
site A was sandy silt and at site B was silty sand. Even though a clear and perfect shift in modal values
from month to month were not observed due to high rate of fishing mortality and regular breeding,
monthly shift in modal value showed a slightly parabolic curve at both stations. The theoretical maximum
length at Site A (54mm) closely agreed with the estimated maximum length from the population (52.6
mm), similarly at the Site B the theoretical maximum length was 52 mm and observed length was 50.8
mm. Growth rate of smaller clams were found to be higher than larger clams. All the growth models
showed that organisms at Site B grow faster than station I, it is established by high “K” values at Site A (
0.40) than Site B ( 0.32). It was observed that total mortality (fishing mortality) was higher at site B (7.2)
than site A (3.16).

The cytotoxic effects of Cycloheximide, a widely used fungicide were investigated on meristematic cells
of A. sativum L. The results showed that the fungicide is mitodepressive in nature. It also induced various
types of chromosomal and nuclear aberrations such as chromatid separation, chromosomal bridge,
laggards, polarity abolition, binucleate and multinucleate cells. It is concluded that cycloheximide not only
inhibits mitotic activity but also shows adverse impact on chromosomal behavior of cells.

In this contemporary era, social media has created new environment for marketing where not only
company advertise its product as well customer share his or her views about product with others.
Marketers adopt various marketing strategies to conduct their business activities in profitable manner such
as internet. The internet has become more and more important in today’s technology addicted society.
Consumers of today use the internet as a tool to communicate, do shopping and search for information.
Hence, the internet has become a convenient way for organizations to reach out to consumers in an easy
and cheap way, especially through the tool viral marketing. Newcomers to electronic markets are forced to
accumulate customers as rapidly as possible. One strategy to fulfill this aim is so called viral marketing,
which seems an appropriate term for describing the pattern in which Internet companies spread by making
use of customer referrals. The aim of this article is to describe and explain common features of viral
marketing strategies and to outline chances and risks associated with using Internet word-of-mouth in
consumer settings.

The present paper deals with the synthesis of 4-biphenyl acetic acid amides by condensation of
corresponding acid chlorides with suitable amines. the structure of newly synthesized compounds were
elucidated on the basis of their IR, TLC and elemental analysis data. The compounds were also screened
for their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity.

Plant Systematics is a great discipline for identification of the different plant species.This provides the basic
information about the different plant species. In the present study ,a total of 180 species representing 163
genera belonging to 58 families have been recorded. Among these 50 families, 145 genera and 160
species belong to Dicotyledons. The Monocotyledons comprise 08 families and 18 genera and 20
species. The ratio of genus species is 1:1.1 and the ratio of monocotyledons to dicotyledons is 1:6.1. Of
the 58 families collected ,the most dominant family is Fabaceae (Leguminaceae) with 27 species .The
availability and distribution of individual plant species has been observed carefully for its future
sustainable utilization. The majority of the plants found from this campus area are possessing the
medicinal value.

India is re-emerging as an economic power on the world stage with its rapidly growing economy
becoming an investment led economy. Ever expanding impact of economic liberalization, privatization
and globalization; growing incomes, savings and investments by individuals to fulfil their future
requirements through achieving higher returns; rising risk-return appetites; and booming Indian stock
markets with benchmark indices touching new all-time-highs; this all have generated a fervent
environment for investments in the Indian equity markets. Mutual Funds and Unit Linked Insurance Plans
(ULIPs) being professionally managed and well regulated; are becoming the most eligible proxies to
investments inequities. In this paper one of the maiden study in the field of performance evaluation of
Indian equity based mutual funds and ULIP funds is carried out on the basis of statistical measures
Absolute Return, Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Standard Deviation, Sharpe’s Ratio,
Treynor’s Ratio, Information Ratio, Downside Risk, Sortino Ratio, Omega Ratio and Modified Sharpe
Ratio for the periodApril-2008 to March-2016. The results of the study suggest that equity based mutual
fund schemes out perform the equity based funds of Unit Linked Insurance Plans (ULIPs).

In India, Rythu Bazaar (Farmers’ Market) concept was introduced in the state of Andhra Pradesh. This
marketing system has given good results, with regard to prices of vegetables, benefits to the farmers and
customers. At present approved auction method is used in Latur city for selling vegetables in organized
market. However, the farmers are selling their vegetables directly to the customers on the streets in Latur
city. This type of marketing is done without any permission from the local authority and faces many
problems such as, lack of space, unhygienic market conditions, lack of storage facilities, electricity,
parking facility, etc. To overcome these problems, a market survey was conducted with the help of
questionnaire. The result of the study is presented in this paper and the researchers put forward certain
suggestions to our overcome those problems by way of establishing ‘Shetkari Bazar’ on the lines of
‘Rythu Bazar’.

Due to advancement in technologies it led to an increase in the carbon footprint. Over the last couple of
years lot of researchers and designers are attracted towards energy efficiency in the internet of things(IOT)
and this new area is named as green Iot . To enable green IOT environment there are various aspects of
IOT where efficient utilization of energy is needed. Different related works on the concept of green
industrial automation based on IOT are given and for different sectors automation is also described in brief
along with its green environment . emerging challenges are explained for green IOT.

Potentialities of exploiting earthworm activities for our economic interest are multiple. These simple
creatures can turn waste into gold by converting decomposable organic waste into valuable compost
through vermicomposting. Vermicompost is cheap and sustains crop yield without deleterious effect on
the environment, thus having promise to marginal and resource poor farmers. It will not only eliminate or
minimize the requirement of chemical fertilizer and growth regulator but also improves the qualities of the
soil and give better crops. Low capital investment and relatively simple technologies make
vermicomposting practical for less-developed agricultural areas and provides employment opportunities.
This may be a good asset for sustainable agriculture and waste management in years to come.

Visuals and e-Content growth become an inseparable from the human society today. Every day we
engaged with conversations, most of the times e-Visuals help us to solve the issues to learn and understand
better. This study explores on various types of visuals and methodology used for effective learning. The
students from art, architecture and media were engaged and exposed few topics on art and design
comprising the basics like elements and principles of art in conventional and e-Learning teaching method,
on completion the pre-test and post-test were conducted to arrive the results and the questions were
structured with static and dynamic visuals. Various statistical methods applied to prove the impact and
effectiveness on visual usage in e-Learning content. This study confirms that comfort and multi task
learning, clear understanding with higher retention are the impact of visuals

With the growing era of digitization, penetration of Information Communication Technology in every
field has made the human life more comfortable. Every services, thing is on just at the click of the human
being. To provide the seamless Service to their client, people every organization is updating their
infrastructure, Tune their software to meet the current environment demand. Performance testing plays a
major role in this phase of digitization.

World history has demonstrated that technology always acts as the primary means through which a socioeconomic development is achieved. In the present study, a detailed analysis of progress of railway
technology, in both magnitude and quality, in the United Provinces for a century has been attempted. It
shows in detail how this segment of technological inflow has affected the general population. One of the
most significant of these effects has been found to be the breakdown of traditional mores our village
societies. Periodic famine and epidemics father added to create a greater distress on the population at
large. The total population shows dips on several occasions. Migration within and outside the country
drained able-bodied members from the workforce of agricultural activities. Consequently, rural economy
remained permanently crippled. Thus, the study can be taken to show that development of railway
technology indeed didn't usher in a healthy development in the United Provinces during 1858 to 1947.

In the present paper, the propagation of cylindrical imploding strong shock waves in a self-gravitating
dusty gas has been investigated by Chester- Chisnell- Whitham method. The dusty gas is assumed to be a
mixture of small solid spherical particles and a perfect gas. The effect of overtaking disturbances on freely
propagating shock has been estimated by using Yadav technique [Mod. Mes. Cont. B, 46(4), 1(1992)].
Assuming an initial density distribution
o     log( r)
, where µ is the density at the axis of symmetry and φ
is a constant, the variation of shock velocity, shock strength, pressure and particle velocity with
propagation distance, density parameter (φ), mass concentration of solid particles in the mixture and the
ratio of solid particles to the initial density of gas have been computed and discussed through figures. The
effect of self-gravitation is also calculated. Maintaining equilibrium flow conditions, it is found that the
presence of dust particles in the gases medium has significant effects on the variation of flow variables
and the shock is strengthened under the influence of overtaking disturbances. The role of the acceleration
due to gravity on propagation of shock wave is also calculated numerically and depict through graphs.
Finally, the results obtained here have been compared with those for pure perfect gas as well as those for
freely propagating shock.

The aim of the present paper is to establish fixed point theorems for self
mappings under weakly compatibility in Complex valued metric space.