In India currently around 40.9 million people are diabetic and is expected to rise to 69.9 million by 2025unless preventive steps are taken. The so called “Asian Indian Phenotype” refers to certain unique clinicaland biochemical abnormalities. Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases act as two sides of the samecoin. According to Framingham study, diabetic women have an increased cardiovascular risk about 3.5 foldhigher than non diabetic women. In view of the impact of sexual hormones on glucose homeostasis, themolecular pathways involved in insulin resistance suggest a gender specificity mechanism in the developmentof diabetic complications and also seems to progress at a faster rate in females compared to males andwomen benefit less from treatment than do men. Hence a case controlled study was done to mark the genderdifferences in inflammatory markers among newly detected and known type 2 diabetic subjects. The studyincluded 33 women and 17 men in the NDM group and 30 women and 20 men in the DM5 group. Thebiomarkers namely homocysteine (µmol/l), C-reactive protein (mg/l), lipoprotein (a) (mg / dl) and vitaminB12 (pg/ml) were analyzed. It was observed that the Hcy and Lp(a) values were higher in males than thefemales but CRP and Vitamin B12 values were higher in women when compared to males. (24.54±12.59,3.81±1.14, 15.67±14.22 and 280.69±77.03 and among the women it was 17.06 ±5.54, 5.84 ±3.47, 10.55±12.89 and 352.35± 238.02 respectively). Among the DM5 all the values of the inflammatory markers werehigher in males than in females. (It was 24.59 ±5.13, 4.25 ±0.79, 32.70 ±14.54 and 343.43 ±178.39 and inwomen, 17.64 ±5.07, 3.68 ±0.51, 24.25 ± 9.40 and 338.40 ± 158.15 respectively) From these observations itcan be suggested that there are marked differences among the gender in the values of the inflammatorymarkers. It can also be suggested that the process of inflammation begins on the onset of diabetes which canprogress as the disease progresses. Thus periodic analysis is required to efficiently treat the inflammationprocess to avoid complications related to cardio vascular risk

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is network of vehicles communicating between each other and to the
deployed roadside units. They share information regarding traffic and infotainment. In the next generation
of VANET with 5G networks, software defined network (SDN) technology will place a very important role
for the network management. To optimize strategy to balance the latency requirement and the cost on
cellular networks, in which we encourage vehicles send the SDN control requests through the cellular
networks by rebating network bandwidth. Further, we model the interaction of the controller and vehicles as
a two-stage Stackel-berg game and analyze the game equilibrium. From the experiment results, the optimal
rebating strategy provides smaller latency than other control plane structures. Index Terms—SoftwareDefined Network (SDN), vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET)

Intestinal parasitic infections are among the major public health and socioeconomic problems in developing
countries. A cross sectional parasitological examination was conducted on 309 school children to assess the
prevalence of Intestinal parasitic infections and to explore the possible associated risk factors among school
children in Adigrat town. Stool sample was collected and examined for Intestinal parasitic infections by
formal ether concentration technique. Moreover, data on socio-demographic and sanitation factors were
collected using questionaries and interviews. Out of the total examined children, 157(50.81%) were found to
be infected with one or more intestinal parasites. Higher infection prevalence was in females (52.94%) than
in males (49.13%). The highest prevalence was in children ages from 10 to 12 (54.8%) followed aged > 13
(52.94%) and 5 to 9 years old (47.8%), respectively. Frequently encountered parasites were A. lumbricoides
(19.1%), Hook worm (10.03%), S. stercolaris (7.77%), E. hitolytica (4.5%), E. vermicularis, (3.56%),
T.trichiura (3.24%) and Giardia lamblia (2.29%). Multiple logistic regressions revealed that not practice of
fingernail trim; unprotected well water source and rural residence were independently associated with
infection. Intestinal parasitic infections are prevalent among the school children in Adigrat town. Therefore,
control measures including education on personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, water supply and
treatment should be taken into account to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the study area.

The soliton is an innovative area of research that deserves intense investigation in many branches of physics.
Different class of soliton-bearing models has been proposed in many physical problems in various context of
physical system and still continues to flourish as an area of intense research, but unfortunately when soliton
pulses are used for long-haul applications, they shed their energy on their way and hence needs to be amplified
periodically. Different optical amplifiers are used in the soliton model to amplify the soliton pulses so that they
can propagate at the same shape.
An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to
an electrical signal. There are several different physical mechanisms that can be used to amplify a light signal,
which correspond to the major types of optical amplifiers. In doped fiber amplifiers and bulk lasers, stimulated
emission in the amplifier's gain medium causes amplification of incoming light. In semiconductor optical
amplifiers (SOAs), electron-hole recombination occurs

The objective of voting is to allow voters to exercise their right to express their choices regarding specific
issues, pieces of legislation, citizen initiatives, constitutional amendments, recalls and/or to choose their
government and political representatives. It has always been an onerous task for the election commission to
conduct free and fair polls in our country, the largest democracy in the world. A lot of money have been spent
on this to make sure that the election is rampage free. In order to provide in expensive solutions to the above,
this project will be implemented with biometric system i.e. finger print scanning.