The present study is initiated to determine the buying behaviour of rural consumer influence by the bandhs
and blockades in the in an un-organised market. It is still common practices that bandh and blockades
remain the favourite‟s tools to pressuring the state government with the purpose and valid reasons, but
calculative business activity by the businessman manipulate the consumers in term of price, quantity and
quality etc. are to be concerned in the rural market. Hence, keeping in view the vital goal of consumer
welfare, grass root level survey has initiated to observed, understand and analyse the behaviour of the rural
consumers with particular to weaker section of the society. The study was conducted at Churachandpur
District; a hill district in the state of Manipur, all the six development blocks was selected for the study.
An attempt is made to know the level of consumer buying behaviour during bandhs and blockades in the
District. Using sampling techniques, 120 respondents from 64 villages were selected. The data was
administered by using SPSS 21.0 version; the analysis shows that there is a strong positive relationship
between bandhs and blockades and buying behaviour of consumers in the rural market.

The behavior of mixture of pyridine, N- N dimethylformamide and cyclohexane as a function of
temperature and composition has been investigated by measuring ultrasonic velocity in conjunction with
density and viscosity at 288, 298, 308 and 318 K for frequency 2 MHz. From the velocity, density and
viscosity data values, various acoustical and thermodynamics parameters namely, adiabatic
compressibility (β), intermolecular free length (Lf), viscous relaxation time (τ), Gibbs’ free energy (ΔG),
internal pressure (Пi) free volume (Vf) and specific acoustic impedance (Z) have been calculated. Also
their excess values are calculated. All these parameters and their excess values have been discussed to
throw light on intermolecular interactions between the components of ternary mixture.

Einstein‟s General theory of relativity is an excellent theory of gravity but it is still a classical theory. In
this paper after giving a broad overview of Gravity, I will use Quantum Field Theory and Graviton to
show that some aspects of Gravity can be explained from the Quantum perspective. I will also discuss
disturbing aspects of Quantum mechanics like spooky action at a distance and Bell‟s inequality. Finally I
will show how Einstein‟s failed quest to find a perfect unified theory to achieve space time unification of
fundamental forces of nature, continue to inspire physicists in a fruitful way.

Using of crop-based foliage (edible oils) to produce sustainable energy increases the volume of lowcarbon fuels, but detriments hunger in developing countries by pushing up global food prices and
endangering local food security. In present work the authors investigated the possibility of an economic
absolute and additive fuel package by pragmatic fuel synthesis from mixed feed stock of non-edible
Argemone mexicana oil and recycled grease, with improved combustible properties by a strategic novel
transesterification method, supplemented by fatty acid composition test, a susceptible engine performance,
declining hazardous emissions to well below than that of petroleum diesel. The effects of mixed feedstock
bio diesel in absolute and additive mode was ensured by rigorous engine test inferring 10 to 20% blend
with petroleum diesel can be fuelled to commercial diesel engines without any adulteration or engine
modification in engine hardware system.

The paper presents the novel design of rectangular microstrip slotted patch antenna loaded with modified
ground plane for wideband wireless applications. In this design different types of ground plane has been
employed to achieve wideband characteristics over the frequency range of 1GHz to 10GHz. Proposed
antenna is investigated on low cost FR4 glass epoxy substrate with 1.6mm thickness, 4.4 dielectric constant
and is designed by using the resonant frequency of 2.45GHz. By varying the dimensions of ground plane
and after adding horizontal stub or vertical stub; the final geometry of proposed antenna exhibits wide
bandwidth of 1959MHz, 700MHz and 2970MHz. The proposed antenna is also tested by using VNA
(Vector Network Analyzer) to validate the simulated results with the measured results and it has been
observed that both the results are in good agreement with each other. The wideband characteristic of
proposed antenna makes it suitable for the different wireless applications such as GSM standards (DCS 1.71
– 1.88GHz and PCS 1.85 – 1.99GHz), UMTS (1.92 – 2.17GHz), Bluetooth (2.41 – 2.49GHz) of ISM band,
2.45GHz, WiMAX (3.3GHz – 3.7GHz, 5.25GHz – 5.85GHz), WLAN (5.15GHz – 5.85GHz), X-band
satellite applications (7.1GHz – 7.76GHz) and point to point high speed wireless communication
(5.925GHz – 8.5GHz).

This paper presents the three modified designs of Hybrid Fractal Antenna (HFA) which are named as Ant-1,
Ant-2 and Ant-3. Ant-1 is designed by integrating Minkowski and Sierpinski geometries, Ant-2 is designed
by fusing Koch and Minkowski geometries over Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) Where as Ant-3 is the
combination of Koch and Koch geometries over MPA. A U-shaped ground plane has been introduced in the
geometry of Ant-1 to attain the desired results. Similarly, L-shaped ground plane has been introduced in the
geometries of Ant-2 and Ant-3. The FR4 glass epoxy substrate has been used to design the proposed
antennas with εr = 4.4 and h (thickness) = 1.6 mm. The proposed antennas have been designed and simulated
by using software HFSS version 13.0.

This manuscript presents the novel design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna based on fractal
techniques for wideband applications. In this design, T-slots are introduced in rectangular patch geometry
by varying the dimensions of slots which follow the concept of fractal properties. The HFSS V13 software
is used to design, simulate and analyze the proposed antenna. Low cost FR4 glass epoxy substrate with
thickness 1.6mm and dielectric constant 4.4 is used to design the proposed antenna at resonant frequency
of 2.45GHz. Proposed antenna efficiently works on four frequency bands (2.0GHz, 6.5GHz, 8.4GHz and
9.7GHz) with acceptable value of gain, returns loss and also reports wide bandwidth. It exhibits the good
omnidirectional and bi-directional radiation pattern at the frequency band of 2.0GHz. Proposed antenna
can be used for different wireless applications such as point to point high speed wireless communication
(5.925GHz – 8.5GHz), bluetooth (2.41 – 2.49GHz) and X-band application.

Water quality is determined by comparing the physical and chemical characteristics of a water sample
with water quality guidelines or standards. When water is termed as polluted water various causes are
responsible for polluting water. Some natural causes are mixture of bio-degraded portion of animal and
plants to pure water, siltation by erosion of river banks. Gaur river, a main tributary of river Narmada is
situated near Barela in the district of Jabalpur. it meets with river Narmada in kharni ghat near Jamatara,
are in an adverse condition as per pollution is concern. It is due to growth of industrialization and increase
in population in the area especially near the banks of the river. The main cause of pollution in the area is
the waste coming from the dairy industries situated at the banks of the river, they directly releases the
waste coming from the industry into the river water. Organic pollution affects the organisms living in a
stream by lowering the available dissolved oxygen in the water. This causes reduced fitness, or, when
severe, asphyxiation. Organic wastes also settle out on the bottom of the stream, altering the
characteristics of the substratum and it takes a lot of affords in the treatment of water. The water treatment
plants which is situated in the area named Bongadwar Treatment plant is facing problems due to the
condition of river water which they are treating and using for public supply. This paper presents an
experimental study on the problems of disposal of wastewater on the river Gaur and its effects on the
Bongadwar water treatment plant.

Rapid urbanization is a global phenomenon. With this rapid urbanization comes the increased demand for
resources such as energy, water and sanitation along with services such as education and healthcare. This
emphasizes the necessity to use the resource efficiently or in a ‘smart way’ and the need to develop
‘smart’ cities to meet the need of city residents. Responding to these needs, the government of india
applies smart cities mission to select 100 smart cities. A smart city can contribute towards improved
governance and efficient management of infrastructure such as water, energy, transportation and housing
and to a higher quality of life. The purpose of this paper to analyze urban challenges and need to smart city
development through india’s smart initiatives for urban reconstruction & rejuvenation. The study based on
purely secondary sources of data. Researches proved that in india rapid and unplanned urban growth has
threaten the future of city people, in that situation smart city initiatives is one of the major step of the
government. But it should be remembered that the smart cities model and plan execute in a proper way.

This article is intended to give comparisons between prosthetics services for lower limb amputation in
public and private companies in Malaysia. The objective of the study is to compare the prosthetics services
for lower limb amputation in public and private companies in the country. The study uses qualitative
methods throughout the interviews from the public and private health care providers in Malaysia. The data
is sought from the staff that is responsible for treating patients in public and private healthcare. Both
hospitals are experiencing a lack of skilled and experienced staff in prosthetic and orthotic care. They also
emphasized the need to have a standard policy or guidelines regarding the treatments.

The world around us produces electromagnetic fields. However, these are generally of low intensity. We
cannot see or hear these radiations. Technological products generate intense electromagnetic fields.
Bioelectrical signals are produced in the human body also. The electromagnetic field around the body does
influence the internal bioelectric fields and holds the potential to disrupt the physiology and cause health risks.
Mobile phones are one of the common devices that are used near the body and hold the potential to be a health
hazard. This paper comprehensively reviews the electromagnetic fields, their effects and suggested preventive
measures against their ill effects.

This Paper aims at investigating into benefits received from the implementation of the MGNREGA in two
districts of Assam. The aspects of the study will be undertaken to examine the benefits of creation of
Social and Economic assets, Employment generation and Eradication of poverty in the MGNREGA
participating households in both the districts of Nagaon and Morigaon, Assam

Gender identification from face features plays an important role in security, surveillance systems. The
research is carried out with different methods in feature detection , feature extraction, and different
classification algorithms. And also different processing platforms are used. In this paper the identification
of gender from face has been proposed using MATLAB simulation platform and FPGA as processing
platform. Firstly, the image to be examined is taken from pre-recorded video. Then the control points are
detected in MATLAB and the data is transferred to FPGA platform for feature extraction. To make the
system optimized, here optimization algorithm that is Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is used. With the
help of ACO, optimized features are extracted from the detected control points. Again the extracted data
is send to MATLAB. Finally, with the help of Artificial Neural Network, the extracted data is tested and
gender is identified

Solar energy is available in abundance but least used energy source of available renewable energy
resources. Solar Energy is being used for some household and commercial purposes like producing steam
for commercial usage, heating of water to maintain the indoor temperature of houses etc. Water heating
requires heat, which is produced usually with burning of fuels (Methane, Gasoline) and these fuels are
costly and causes pollution at burning, but if we use solar energy which is available for almost 10-12 hours
in almost every country, we can save a lot. This paper attempts to make the numerical simulation of flat
plate solar collectors. Simulation is an important tool for the design and operation control. Design
engineers use simulation results to design water heating systems, simulation makes it possible to find the
optimal design and operating parameters. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools
have been used to simulate solar collectors to better understand heat transfer capacity. Three-dimensional
model of the U-tube collectors and flat absorber plate is obtained using Solid Works. The results obtained
by the use of ANSYS FLUENT software. The purpose of this work is to better understand the relative
computational fluid dynamics flow of the solar collector and the temperature distribution within solar
collector. Outlet air temperature and solar radiation are compared and between them there is a good
consistency. Our project is basically in our study design optimization, we can use our results to improve
the efficiency of flat plate solar collector theory in the future. These results can also be used for design
purposes.

Emerging technologies of semi-structured data have attracted a wide attention like networks, e-commerce,
information retrieval and databases. In these applications, the data are modeled not as static collections but
as transient data streams, where the data source is an unbounded stream of individual data items. It is
becoming increasingly popular to send heterogeneous and ill-structured data through networks. Since
traditional database technologies are not directly applicable to such data streams, it is important to study
efficient information extraction methods for semi-structured data. Hence there has been increasing demand
for automatic methods for extracting useful information, particularly, for discovering rules or patterns
from large collection of semi-structured data, namely, semi-structured data mining. We introduce a class
of simple combinatorial patterns over texts such as proximity phrase association patterns and ordered and
unordered tree patterns modeling unstructured texts and semi-structured data on the Web. In addition with,
we consider the problem of finding the patterns that optimize a given statistical measure within the whole
class of patterns in a large collection of unstructured texts. For these classes of patterns, we develop fast
and robust text mining algorithms based on techniques in computational geometry, string matching, and
combinatorial optimization. We successfully implemented the developed text and semi-structured mining
algorithms with experiments on interactive document browsing in a large text database, keyword and
common structure discovery from Web.

Research Objective:
Cleft lip is the second most frequent congenital anomalies in Indonesia after Down Syndrome with the
prevalence among children aged 24-59 months (Agency of Health Research and Development, Indonesian
Ministry of Health, 2013). The etiology of non syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate has not yet
been defined. Some studies have investigated the involvement of genetic and environmental factors
(Blanton et al., 2011; Wehby & Murray, 2011). Some genes involved in the folate metabolism have been
recently examined in order to discover the genetic factors in the cleft lip etiology. Reduced Folate Carrier
1 (RFC1) protein is not directly involved in the folic acid metabolism but plays a significant role in the
intracellular transport of metabolically active 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) and maintains the
intracellular concentrations of folate. This research intends to identify polymorphism in the Reduced
Folate Carrier 1 (RFC1) in the patients of non syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Sumatera
Utara.
Methods:
A number of 46 patients of cleft lip without cleft palate participated in this descriptive study. Subjects'
DNAs were extracted from the patients' peripheral leukocytes followed by genotyping procedure on RFC1
A80G gene using Polymerase Chain Reaction – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCRRFLP).
Results:
Genotype distributions of the subject groups followed Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. The mutant genotype
frequency (AG+GG) of the subject groups was 63% (29/46).
Conclusion
This research confirms the hypothesis that RFC1 A80G mutant variant holds a greater proportion in the
patients of non syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Sumatera Utara

Qualities and Skills are the most decisive factors for any leader to direct any organization systematically. In
this article researchers made an endevour to understand the viewpoint of Acharya Chanakya relating to the
qualities of leaders. Resercher also attempted to analyze the standpoint of Kautilya described in his book
Arthashastra in the perspective of „management and administration‟. Authors additionally made an attempt to
examine couple of essential qualities to be borne by the leader in these complex structural systems of the
organization and to what extent those qualities are relating with description provided by Acharaya Chanakya
in his evergreen book Arthasastara.
Entire research was directed in light of information accessible through the secondary source like books,
research paper, website and voice of few veteran organizational leaders.