Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) have many uses. Education is one of the many areas in which
MANETs have been applied. MANETs in education have been proposed in the creation of mobile virtual
classrooms to boost ubiquitous learning. While ubiquitous learning may be enabled through general elearning, this paper concentrates on m-learning that is based on MANETs’ principles. MANETs-based
mobile virtual classrooms have been suggested for improving learning in marginalized areas—
particularly in the developing countries. In addition, there are researchers who view MANETs as the
future of e-Learning. As smartphones and smart devices become an integral part of our society,
MANETs are viewed as cheaper way of forming networks in instances that traditional networks may not
be feasible, damaged or lacking altogether. Because they do not require pre-existing infrastructure,
MANETs are cheaper and more flexible to establish and launch. Mobile nodes/devices make up MANET
networks. Network nodes can join or leave the network without affecting the overall functioning of other
nodes. The ability of MANETs to reconfigure themselves without the need of conventional
administration makes them very dynamic. In this article, the writer attempts to present the state of the
art in the area of MANETs and m-learning. This paper attempts to identify the areas of convergence and
divergence in MANETs and m-learning as reported in the literature. This article presents the MANETs
frameworks proposed for mobile virtual classrooms, their shortcomings, their effectiveness, and
possible areas for further improvements. Furthermore, the paper tries to present the history and
advancement of MANETs in relation to mobile virtual classrooms. In every instance, the writer attempts
to relate the two—MANETs and m-Learning.

The wire electrical discharge machine is replacing the conventional machines at very fast rate. There is hardly
any conductive and newly developed super alloy which cannot be machined by WEDM. Greater accuracy, higher
cutting speed, better surface finish are fascinating features of WEDM. However enhancing cutting speed is still a
challenge in difficult to cut material. In this paper a super alloy Inconel-718, is used with height variation, to
evaluate effect of cutting speed by using different diameter wire electrode to get better cutting speed. Taguchi’s
L27, orthogonal array is used to find the effect of pulse on, pulse off, wire feed, wire diameter and work height on
cutting speed. It is observed that small wire diameter gives highest cutting speed at the same operating conditions.
Small wire diameter ensures better greater accuracy.

Aim: To determine the application of dental photography throughout Saudi Arabia in the daily clinical
practice by the dental healthcare professionals, to evaluate its application in the academic clinic and to
evaluate the risk of infection control.
Materials and Methods: The survey was conducted in hard and soft copies with self-administered 20
closed question questionnaires, an optimal sample size was approximated at 383 and 596 responses were
collected. The data were analyzed through IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Statistics
Windows version 22
Findings: From the online survey, 133 responses were included for analysis and from the hardcopy
distribution; a respectable 463 questionnaires were included from an original 600. The mean age of
respondents was 24.72 years (range 20-56) and more dental students responded than dentists (84.9%
versus 15.1%).
Conclusion: Majority of the respondents were dental students having multitude of assignments, time is
therefore a critical factor which played a major role in their hesitation to document their cases
photographically. Last but not least, lacking an assigned personal dental assistant encourages dental
students to use their mobile cameras and take verbal consent over written consent when dealing with their
patients.

The existence of Ocotea usambarensis in Mt. Kenya Forest is threatened by extensive exploitation of both wood and
non-wood products and therefore requires urgent conservation measures to prevent further degradation. Assessing
phenological phases and their sequence determine the species establishment. This study therefore investigated the
phenology and establishment of O. usambarensis and its association with other plant species in Mt. Kenya Forest.
Three plots that were at least 5 km apart measuring 100 m x 100 m within the natural forest with mature O.
usambarensis species were purposely sampled on the southern slopes. Point centered quarter (PCQ) method was
applied in determining species association. Flowering, fruiting, leaf fall and leaf flush were determined as the main
aspects for phenological assessment. Data on environmental factors were monitored through the aid of automatic
weather station while phenophases were observed and recorded through classes of intensities. Shannon Wiener
diversity index was used to determine species diversity and importance while regression and correlation analysis
were used to determine the relationships among environmental factors. There was significant variation (P<0.05) in
flowering, litter fall and leaf flush. Mean flowering was 2.67 (42%) while no fruiting was observed during the study
period. Monthly variations in humidity, rainfall and radiation were significant (P< 0.05) while for temperature and
wind speed were insignificant. It was observed that Diospyros abyssinica was growing in close association with O.
usambarensis playing the role of nurse species. With the absence of seedlings in most of the sites and the limiting
environmental factors, promotion of vegetative propagation and enrichment planting would enhance conservation
and restoration of the species in Mt. Kenya forest

This article discusses Axioms of the theory of superiority complex, which is developed in the area of war,
law and social psychiatry. The aim is to unfold the manner in which individuals become attached to
certain ideologies and complex notions, which then repress and incubate in their unconscious minds that
later reveal themselves as mental disorders. This controls their minds and actions in abnormal manners
which consequently compel these individuals to act improperly in private and public lives. Complex ideas
and repressed feelings are the usual manner wherein the human unconscious pours out the manufactured
troubles that can lead to dissociated/split in personalities, according to psychodynamic theories.
The method employed is the deductive approach which deduces the theorem from six main axioms and
four definitions. Deductive reasoning usually utilises axioms and definitions which then become the basis
upon which theorems and lemmas can be derived in a scientific manner. This unique approach adheres
strictly to the scientific method, which reigns supreme in the way of obtaining objective knowledge which
can later be tested empirically by scientists.
The results furnish us with an important theorem and its corollary in medicine, which is considered the
fundamental theorem for the theory of superiority complex. Individuals who harbour complex notions or
ideologies tend to allow these repressed feelings to control their unconscious minds which later reveal
themselves in abnormal behaviours. These are supported by Freudian and Jungian theories, in addition
to more recent theories advocated by some British Psychologists, which state that the unconscious
negative repressed feelings and complexes may control the inner and outer lives such that individuals
may suffer the rest of their lives amidst performance of criminal activities in the lives of patients.
The conclusion states that not only is the individual who possesses repressed complex ideas/ideologies
has with it a latent disorder, but also where an individual is seen as having a disorder he may well reveal
complex ideas as well. The implication is that no disorder is without a symptom and vice versa no
symptom is without a disorder. In other words, if a patient is diagnosed as having a mental disorder, then
there is a corresponding symptom which enabled doctors to have based their diagnoses upon in order to
derive their sound judgment and conclusion.