This paper investigates the perceptions of undergraduate and postgraduate in-service teachers towards
adoption and integration of ICT in the teaching and learning of mathematics in Zimbabwe’s schools. A total of
43 participants took part in the study. The data was collected using a 40-item questionnaire which contained
33 structured and 7 open-ended questionnaires. Focus group discussions were also undertaken in the study.
The Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. Chi-Square test and Analysis
of Variance (ANOVA) were performed to test hypotheses of different treatment means. Some constructs were
perceived to be very important while others were perceived to be not that important. The constructs which
were consistently given high scores were; computer technology is easy to use, generates interest, improves
confidence, gives quality lesson presentation, is motivating, enhances good career prospects, clarifies
concepts, gives prestige and is pivotal for national development. Those constructs which were consistently
ranked low included among others; ICT is addictive, time wasting and expensive. The study also shows that
even though the majority of teachers percieved ICT in positive light, the teachers faced hurdles which militated
against the adoption and integration of ICT in their teaching of mathematics. Prominent hurdles which were
revealed include unreliability and unavailability of electricity and internet onnectivity, inadequate
infrastructure and lack of relevant training that is necessary in the full utilization and integration of ICT in
their actual teaching practices. Lack of administrators’ support and lack of access to computer laboratories
were also cited as notable hindrances. Study findings also suggested that teachers’ negative perceptions
towards ICT could be attributed to fear of losing relevance, authority and influence as they strongly felt that
increased ICT use would lead to redundancy. It is therefore recommended that when embracing ICT in the
teaching and learning of mathematics, empahasis must be directed towards those constructs which were
identified to be statistically signifant in the study.

Clustering or grouping of sensor nodes is used to increase the performance of WSN as it reduces the total
number of nodes taking part in data transmission. The proposed work reduces the total energy consumption
of the cluster based WSN using mobile sink mechanism. Mobile sink node is made to move in a boundary of
the network. Cluster heads adjust their routing path towards the moving sink node for data transmission.
Experimental results are provided with different cases of input data pattern and mobility of the sink node to
show efficiency of the proposed mechanism. Results show that the proposed mechanism reduces the total
energy consumption of the network when compared with the static sink network. It also reduces the work
load on the penultimate node of the static sink node.

The vein structure in the sclera, the white and opaque outer protective covering of the eye, is anecdotally
stable over time and unique to each person. As a result, it is well suited for use as a biometric for human
identification. Sclera recognition poses several challenges: the vein structure moves and deforms with the
movement of the eye and its surrounding tissues; images of sclera patterns are often defocused and/or
saturated; and, most importantly, the vein structure in the sclera is multi-layered and has complex non-linear
deformation. Here proposed a new method for sclera recognition, a line descriptor along with feature
extraction, registration, and matching method that is scale, orientation, and deformation invariant, and can
mitigate the multi-layered deformation effects and tolerate segmentation error.

Information and awareness on gingival health enhances knowledge and from such knowledge comes
commitment and motivation for people to alter their lifestyles to prevent gingival and periodontal disease.
Repeating the oral hygiene instructions on each visit, prophylactic programs and good oral home care are
effective measures to prevent plaque accumulation and gingival enlargement for patients who are
undergoing orthodontic treatment. This study is undertaken to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of
gingival health among orthodontic patients.

In the manufacturing industries, various machining processes are adopted for removing the material from
the work piece to obtain finished product. Due to demands for alloy materials having high hardness,
toughness and impact in aerospace and automotive industries; it is very difficult to use conventional
machining methods to remove the material from the work piece.
The unconventional methods of machining have several specific advantages over conventional methods of
machining. These methods are not limited by hardness, toughness, and brittleness of the material and can
produce any intricate shape on any work piece material by suitable control over the various physical
parameters of the processes.
Among the various unconventional machining processes, electrical discharge machining (EDM) technology
has grown tremendously. The EDM provides the best alternative or sometimes the only alternative for
machining conductive, exotic, high strength and temperature resistive materials. In this research we have
used RSM & DOE for optimization of MRR in EDM using AISID3 die steel

Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy (HTSP) is recognized as a critical and essential preventive child
survival intervention that effectively complements curative and other child health interventions, with
additional benefits to the mother, family, men, community and the society. It is a key intervention associated
with reduced risk of low birth weight, prematurity and newborn abnormalities and deaths in infants, as well
reducing health risks to mothers after a live birth or abortion, and risks to adolescents. It creates awareness
and increases demand for family planning services which is critical to the continuity, retention and longterm use of family planning For countries to reduce their burden of disease and reach their Millennium
Development Goals. Adding HTSP interventions to their strategies and programs should be considered a
priority because of significant, multiple health benefits for women and babies.

Although the prevalence rate of illicit drugs among the youths in Rwanda is colorless compare to the
statistics in the region, conditions are present exposing children and adolescents to drugs abuse. A token
review of Rwandan newspapers and media as well as scientific paper reveals that alcohol and illicit drugs
abuse among the youths is of major concern in rural and urban areas (Kanyoni, Gishoma, & Ndahindwa,
2015). Although drugs use among the youths is not new in Rwandan families and use in ceremony, the
recent abuse of illicit drugs particularly cannabis among the teenager and adolescents population has become
a major public policy issue and a serious public health problem.
The purpose of this section is to review the relevant literature, d

5-Nitrosalicylaldehyde semicarbazone (NSS) is proposed as a new sensitive reagent for the sensitive
extractive spectrophotometric determination of Ni (II). NSS reacts with Ni (II) in the pH range 4.0 to 4.4 to
form a coloured complex, which was well extracted into Ethyl acetate. The absorption spectrum of Ni (II)
NSS complex in Ethyl acetate shows maximum absorbance at 420 nm. It was observed that the colour
development was instantaneous and stable for 48 hrs. The system obeyed Beer’s law up to 1-6 µg / cm3
. The
molar absorptivity calculated was found to be 2.5016 * 104
lit mol-1
cm
-1
and the sensitivity of the method as
defined by sandal’s was 1.067 * 10-2
μg/cm2
. The composition of the extracted species was determined by
Job’s Continuous variation method and Mole ratio method was found to be 1:4. It may be satisfactorily
applied for the determination of Ni (II) with present method.
KeyWords- Calibration curve, Ethyl acetate, Mole ratio meth

Background: alcohol and other drugs (AOD) among children and adolescents are causes of increasing
concern in Rwandan families. They are major contributors to crime, violence and to other social, health and
economic problems. However, factors which might impact parent-adolescent communication about AOD,
are unknown, and must be identified to effectively plan drug intervention in family setting. The purpose of
this study was to identify the potential barriers and facilitators associated with parent-adolescent
communication about AOD.
Methods: This study employed qualitative methods and community-based participatory research (CBPR)
guided in large part by community members, in partnership with research and health practitioners from
Imbuto Foundation and Rubavu Youth Friendly Center (RYFC). CBPR principles are aimed at improving
the effectiveness of research by addressing locally relevant health issues and involve communities in every
aspects of the research process. Through a systematic process, community participants and researchers
work to achieve a shared understanding of facilitators and barriers of communication about AOD between
parent and adolescent. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select participants for the study.
Results: A total of 20 families composed of (17fathers, 20 mothers and adolescents’ between 15 to 24 years
participated in individual interview and focus group discussions. Parents and adolescents perceived the
following barriers to parent-adolescent communication about AOD: (1) lack of AOD-related knowledge and
skills; (2) limited parent adolescent collaboration and communication around AOD; (3) concerns about
negative adolescent reaction and limited adolescent motivation to discuss AOD issues and (4) logistical
issues. Suggested facilitators of parent-adolescent communication about AOD related to: (i) Suggested
facilitators included improved parents’ knowledge, skills, communication and collaboration, expanded
process of monitoring and parenting roles, utilizing support and focusing on benefits of communicating.
Conclusions: Parent-adolescent communication about drugs should include consideration of the following
elements: comprehensive parents and other caregiver education on AOD, parenting and communication
skills; and ongoing partnerships to facilitate generation of addition evidence for parent adolescent
communication efficacy in family setting.

The research has conducted over a total areal coverage of about 38.94km2 which covers all the well fields
which are serving the irrigating land and supporting the food security at house hold level. The area is
located in the Ganfa Afishum Wereda which includes two kebeles in the Eastern Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia.
This paper assesses the groundwater quality and evaluates its quality for irrigation purpose with GIS
technology and Irrigation Water Quality Index approach and compare with irrigation water quality
standards. The status of the groundwater in the area varies widely depending up on the human activities. A
total of 22 (13, 4, 4 and 1 from Bore hole, shallow wells, 4 handug well and reservoirs respectively), Depth
integrated groundwater samples were collected by purpose sampling technique. These samples were
analyzed for their Physico- chemical components. The groundwater was evaluated by nine chemical
parameters (EC, SAR, Na+
, Ci-
, NO3-2
, pH,TDS, SSP, HCO3
-
and IWQI) and five water quality parameters
(EC, SAR, Na+
, Ci-
, and HCO3
-
) were utilized to calculate the irrigation water quality index. The
groundwater is suitable for irrigation purpose with respect to pH, EC, Na+
, Ci-
, NO3-2
, SSP and SAR but,
with TDS and HCO3
-
, the groundwater needs slight water treatment for quality adjustment. The ionic
concentration and the chemical parameters, generally is high near the town in all side of the area but, it is
also significant in highly cultivated agricultural fields where point and non sources. The groundwater in the
area is classified as moderate restriction (90.1%) and high restriction (8.9%). The groundwater is suitable
generally with some moderate restrictions. The objectionable groundwater is restricted around the town with
main of contaminants domestic and factories wastes.

The objectives of this research is to prepare the hybrid Mg/SiCp/Flyash metal matrix composite through
powder metallurgy technique and investigate the effects of process parameters like current, pulse on time
and pulse off time in Electro Discharge Machining characteristics on material removal rate and tool wear
rate. The composition is selected on weight percentage basis SiC with 6 % and 6% fly ash with constant 88%
Mg as matrix material. With proper uniform distribution particulate dispenses wisely which is evident from
SEM analysis. The electrical discharge machining was done though the ELEKTRA PLUS spark erosion
machine. Brass tool with 10 mm diameter is used to machine the specimens. Current (I), pulse on time (Ton)
and pulse off time (Toff) parameters were varied in this electrical discharge machining process. Experiments
were conducted under different conditions of pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), current (I). The
output responses measured were material removal rate (MRR) and Tool wear rate (TWR). Mathematical
models are proposed for the above responses using response surface methodology (RSM). The analysis of
variance (ANOVA) was carried out to study the effect of process parameters on process performance.

The proposed work is intended to develop a semi-automatic technique for classifying the sentiments based text.
Basically in this presented work for text classification the decision trees are implemented which are the
supervised learning algorithms. But the additional effort for tagging of data is necessary therefore that is known
as the semi supervised model. The technique is applied on the online student’s learning and discussion to find
the students experience and improve the experience in further learning processes. Therefore the entire system
development is performed on two major modules first for generating the student’s communication data and then
uses it with the supervised model for text classification according to the user emotions. In this technique the web
data is first pre-processed for improving the quality of learning data. After that the data is used with the NLP
parser for finding the communicated text features. The computed text features are than used with two different
supervised learning models namely C4.5 and the ID3. These models are basically a kind of decision trees,
during training of these algorithms the algorithm generates the tree. These generated decision are termed here
as the trained model. The trained classifier is further used for real time classification of communicated text for
the binary classification. The implementation of the entire text mining concept is performed using the JAVA
technology and the classifiers performance is compared using the accuracy, error rate, memory consumption
and time consumption. According to the computed classifiers performance the proposed technique namely c4.5
based classifier perform more accurate classification as compared to the traditional ID3

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new revolution of the Internet. Objects make themselves recognizable and
they obtain intelligence by making or enabling context related decisions. They can communicate
information about themselves. They can access information that has been aggregated by other things, or
they can be components of complex services. The three important factors propelling the IoT forward are
Sensing Nodes, Embedded Processing and Communication. This transformation is accompanied with the
emergence of cloud computing capabilities supported by an increase in storage capacity and high end
processing and the Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication for data transport with security.
By introducing cloud computing technology, we can make a full call to the storage resource pool and
computing resource pool in the cloud computing architecture, and provide high reliability for IoT cloud
storage service and efficient cloud computing services to users. The service layer for M2M type of
communication will provide a framework for the integration of the different communication technologies
deployed in the field of IoT. This M2M service layer will provide the needed services like data transport,
security, devices management and device discovery in a harmonized manner across a multitude of vertical
domains to the application layer.
In this paper, a brief introduction of IoT is given and the IoT with cloud storage and M2M communication
is explained. The main issues of IoT related with storage, requirement of high end devices, security,
privacy, data transport can be solved by the combination of IoT with cloud computing and M2M
communication. This will also benefit the IoT in its ease of use in day-to-day life and believe to be future in
this area which is getting ready for its revolution.

Accidents, tragically, are not often due to ignorance, butare due to carelessness, thoughtlessness and over
confidence. Human, vehicle and environmental factors play roles before, during and after a trauma event.
Accidents, therefore, can be studied in terms of agent, host and environmental factors and
epidemiologically classified into time, place and person distribution.
This study was done to understand the epidemiological characteristics of road traffic accident victims, the
various types and sites of the injuries and to emphasize the importance of behavioral change in population
regarding road safety rules rather than just improving the road conditions and to know the commonest
injury so that the proper personal protective measures can be applied.
A prospective study was conducted from 1st October 2014 to 30th September in Accident and Emergency
Department of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, largest hospital of Kashmir. A total
of 886 cases were studied. Male: Female ratio was about 4:1. 21-30 year age-group was the commonest
age-group affected (34.09%). Most of the victims (54.74%) presented during summer season. Two wheelers
(43.45%) were most common vehicle involved and majority of the victims had head injury (35.4%). Only
9.71% of the victims presented to the hospital within 1 hour of the accident.