Educational technology has played a critical role in enhancing the teaching and learning process, particularly in the digital age. This paper provides an overview of the role of educational technology in teaching and learning, including its benefits, challenges, and future trends. It examines how educational technology can support effective teaching practices, engage learners, and facilitate personalized learning experiences. The paper also explores the challenges associated with educational technology implementation, such as the digital divide, and discusses strategies for overcoming these challenges. Finally, the paper highlights emerging trends in educational technology, such as artificial intelligence and virtual and augmented reality, and their potential impact on teaching and learning. Overall, this paper demonstrates the importance of educational technology as a tool for promoting student engagement, improving learning outcomes, and preparing learners for success in a rapidly changing world.

Keywords: EdTech, Education, Modern technology, Science, Teaching, students, Digital operation, Online, Learning, Internet.

One possible technological development in solar cells is thought to be dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The energy-producing method employed by DSSCs is similar to that of plant cells and is based on the photo-electrochemical moments of electrons that are brought about by the interaction of photon energy and chemical reaction. Synthetic dyes that are employed as sensitizers in DSSCs have higher efficiency and longer endurance, but they also have drawbacks such the use of rare metallic components that are vulnerable to environmental degradation. As a result, researchers are experimenting with natural alternative sensitizers that are biocompatible. Plant pigments like carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and chlorophyll are in charge of the chemical reactions in these natural sensitizers. Therefore, it is relatively easy to extract dyes containing this pigment from natural sources such as flowers, seeds, and leaves, among others. The structure and functioning of DSSCs are the main topics of this review. This review focuses on the structure and operations of DSSCs. Components of DSSCs photosensitizers, photo-anodes and counter electrodes and their functions have been outlined. Detailed summary of synthetic dye based DSSCs carried out by different groups, have also been reviewed. Details of numerous plant pigments found in plant-based products that are employed as sensitizers in DSSCs have been collated and explained. Open circuit voltage (V_oc), short circuit current (I_sc), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η) based on both synthetic and natural dye have also been reported as DSSC performance metrics. Leveraging on the photosensitizers and maximizing on the working electrodes and counter electrodes, DSSCs would serve as the best alternative to meet the world energy demand.

Delivery of gentamicin sulphate through the oral route has always been difficult because the drug is not permeable in the intestinal mucosa. There is hardly any oral preparation of this valuable drug effective for many gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. This work reviewed research works to aid achieve this systemic circulation of orally-administered gentamicin sulphate prepared with a natural oil. Natural oils have not only proven a great deal of source of bioactive phytochemicals but also can be a proven vehicle for oral preparations as they can confer some desirable antimicrobial synergism with conventional therapies. Various bioavailability studies of gentamicin sulphate were reviewed which revealed a great importance of a specialized formulation need that either enhances entrapment of the drug in a mix, sustained release formulation, or as solid-lipid microparticles e.t.c. These are all pharmaceutically possible and can be achieved using a natural oil as a vehicle plus permeation enhancers for such oral drug preparation.